Add support toString for containers

Standard container types were printed as `"{?}"`
(default `toString` implementation for unsupported class).
This was contradictory with the documentation:
> "Most [...] std types are supported out of the box"
when in fact only `string`, `vector` and `tupple` were supported.

 - Renamed the `toStringVector.cpp` test file to `toStringContainers.cpp`

 - Types are consider containers if they contain `value_type` and
   `const_iterator` members and have `begin` and `end` support
   (members or ADL findable) returning a `const_iterator`.
   `const_iterator::operator*` must also return a `const value_type &`

 - Beware that a trying to printing a type fulfilling those requirements
   but returning invalid iterators will results in undefined behaviour. In
   such case specialize the Catch::Detail::IsContainer trait to contain
   `static const bool value = false` to revert to the default behaviour
   (printing `"{?}"`).

Test pretty printing of `std::list`, `std::deque`, `std::forward_list`,
`std::array` in Catch assertion macro. More complex structure like
`std::queue` or `std::multi_map` should also be tested.

Signed-off-by: mat tso <mat-tso@topmail.ie>

include/internal/catch_tostring.h

@@ -13,8 +13,12 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <limits>
-#include <vector>
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <iterator>
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER
+#include <vector>
+#endif
 
 #ifdef __OBJC__
 #include "catch_objc_arc.hpp"
@@ -24,7 +28,7 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #endif
 
-#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_IS_ENUM
+#ifdef CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER
 #include <type_traits>
 #endif
 
@@ -76,6 +80,8 @@ namespace Detail {
         template<typename T> BorgType( T const& );
     };
 
+    // Without c++11's `decltype`, rely on function overloading returning
+    // different sized types that can be discriminated with `sizeof`.
     struct TrueType { char sizer[1]; };
     struct FalseType { char sizer[2]; };
 
@@ -174,18 +180,75 @@ namespace Detail {
     std::string rangeToString( InputIterator first, InputIterator last );
 }
 
-//template<typename T, typename Allocator>
-//struct StringMaker<std::vector<T, Allocator> > {
-//    static std::string convert( std::vector<T,Allocator> const& v ) {
-//        return Detail::rangeToString( v.begin(), v.end() );
-//    }
-//};
-
+#ifndef CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER
 template<typename T, typename Allocator>
 std::string toString( std::vector<T,Allocator> const& v ) {
     return Detail::rangeToString( v.begin(), v.end() );
 }
 
+#else
+ 
+namespace Detail {
+// Importing c++11 std instead of prefixing call by std:: to allow for user
+// custom overload find through ADL
+using std::begin;
+using std::end;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct HasBasicContainerApi
+{
+    /// This overload will be chosen if all the operations in it's signature
+    /// can be resolved at compile time.
+    template<typename C,
+             // Test const_iterator lvalue supports operator++
+             class = decltype(++std::declval<typename C::const_iterator&>()),
+             // Test that begin and end return comparable values
+             class = decltype(begin(std::declval<const C>())
+                              != end(std::declval<const C>()))>
+    static std::true_type has( typename C::const_iterator*, typename C::value_type*);
+    /// Lower priority overload will be picked if the previous one fails.
+    template<typename C>
+    static std::false_type has( ... );
+    static const bool value = decltype(has<T>(NULL, NULL))::value;
+};
+
+// Compile type function that returns true if a type matches
+// the container concept (http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/Container),
+// false otherwise.
+template <class C, bool = HasBasicContainerApi<C>::value>
+struct IsContainer {
+    // C array are containers although not having the standard api.
+    static const bool value = std::is_array<C>::value;
+};
+
+// Specialization for types that have a basic container API
+// that can now be checked for type inconsistency.
+template <class C>
+struct IsContainer<C, true> {
+private:
+    typedef typename C::value_type value_type;
+    typedef typename C::const_iterator const_iterator;
+    static const C& c;
+public:
+    static const bool value =
+        std::is_same<const_iterator, decltype( begin(c) )>::value &&
+        std::is_same<const_iterator, decltype( end(c) )>::value &&
+        std::is_same<const value_type&, decltype( *begin(c) )>::value &&
+        std::is_same<const value_type&, decltype( *end(c) )>::value;
+};
+
+/// Print containers by printing their elements in succession
+template<typename C,
+         class = typename std::enable_if<Detail::IsContainer<C>::value>::type,
+         class = void>
+std::string toStringInternal( C const& c ) {
+    return Detail::rangeToString( begin(c), end(c) );
+}
+
+} // end namespace Detail
+
+#endif // CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER
+
 // toString for pairs
 template<typename T1, typename T2>
 struct StringMaker<std::pair<T1,T2> > {
@@ -247,6 +310,19 @@ namespace Detail {
     std::string makeString( T const& value ) {
         return StringMaker<T>::convert( value );
     }
+
+/// Instead of adding complex template overloading of public toString method,
+/// use an internal dispatcher which template can get as complicated as needed
+/// without impacting the public api.
+template<typename T
+#if defined(CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER)
+         , class = typename std::enable_if<!Detail::IsContainer<T>::value>::type
+#endif
+        >
+std::string toStringInternal( T const& value ) {
+    return StringMaker<T>::convert( value );
+}
+
 } // end namespace Detail
 
 /// \brief converts any type to a string
@@ -254,11 +330,11 @@ namespace Detail {
 /// The default template forwards on to ostringstream - except when an
 /// ostringstream overload does not exist - in which case it attempts to detect
 /// that and writes {?}.
-/// Overload (not specialise) this template for custom typs that you don't want
+/// Overload (not specialize) this template for custom types that you don't want
 /// to provide an ostream overload for.
 template<typename T>
 std::string toString( T const& value ) {
-    return StringMaker<T>::convert( value );
+    return Detail::toStringInternal(value);
 }
 
 

projects/SelfTest/ToStringContainers.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 #include "catch.hpp"
 #include <vector>
+
+// Containers are only pretty print in c++11
+#if defined(CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER)
 #include <deque>
 #include <list>
+#include <array>
+#include <forward_list>
+#endif
 
 /// \file Test Catch::to_string for standard containors.
 
@@ -30,14 +36,6 @@ struct SequenceTest {
     }
 };
 
-// vector
-TEST_CASE( "vector<int> -> toString", "[toString][containers][vector]" ) {
-    SequenceTest<std::vector>::integers();
-}
-TEST_CASE( "vector<string> -> toString", "[toString][containers][vector]" ) {
-    SequenceTest<std::vector>::strings();
-}
-
 namespace {
     /** \brief Custom allocator, should not impact toString. */
     template<typename T>
@@ -53,9 +51,144 @@ namespace {
 }
 
 // vector
+TEST_CASE( "vector<int> -> toString", "[toString][containers][vector]" ) {
+  SequenceTest<std::vector>::integers();
+}
+TEST_CASE( "vector<string> -> toString", "[toString][containers][vector]" ) {
+  SequenceTest<std::vector>::strings();
+}
 TEST_CASE( "vector<int,allocator> -> toString", "[toString][containers][vector][allocator]" ) {
     SequenceTest<std::vector, MinimalAllocator>::integers();
 }
 TEST_CASE( "vector<string,allocator> -> toString", "[toString][containers][vector][allocator]" ) {
     SequenceTest<std::vector, MinimalAllocator>::strings();
 }
+TEST_CASE( "vector<bool> -> toString", "[toString][containers][vector][allocator]" ) {
+    std::vector<bool> bools;
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(bools) == "{  }");
+    bools.push_back(true);
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(bools) == "{ true }");
+    bools.push_back(false);
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(bools) == "{ true, false }");
+}
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER)
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat"
+#endif
+
+// list
+TEST_CASE( "list<int> -> toString", "[toString][containers][list]" ) {
+  SequenceTest<std::list>::integers();
+}
+TEST_CASE( "list<string> -> toString", "[toString][containers][list]" ) {
+  SequenceTest<std::list>::strings();
+}
+TEST_CASE( "list<int,allocator> -> toString", "[toString][containers][list][allocator]" ) {
+  SequenceTest<std::list, MinimalAllocator>::integers();
+}
+TEST_CASE( "list<string,allocator> -> toString", "[toString][containers][list][allocator]" ) {
+  SequenceTest<std::list, MinimalAllocator>::strings();
+}
+
+// deque
+TEST_CASE( "deque<int> -> toString", "[toString][containers][deque]" ) {
+  SequenceTest<std::deque>::integers();
+}
+TEST_CASE( "deque<string> -> toString", "[toString][containers][deque]" ) {
+  SequenceTest<std::deque>::strings();
+}
+TEST_CASE( "deque<int,allocator> -> toString", "[toString][containers][deque][allocator]" ) {
+    SequenceTest<std::deque, MinimalAllocator>::integers();
+}
+TEST_CASE( "deque<string,allocator> -> toString", "[toString][containers][deque][allocator]" ) {
+    SequenceTest<std::deque, MinimalAllocator>::strings();
+}
+
+
+// C array
+TEST_CASE( "int [N] -> toString", "[toString][containers][c-array]" ) {
+    // Arrays of size 0 can not exist in c++
+    int oneValue[] = { 42 };
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(oneValue) == "{ 42 }" );
+    int twoValues[] = { 42, 250 };
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(twoValues) == "{ 42, 250 }" );
+}
+
+TEST_CASE( "string [N] -> toString", "[toString][containers][c-array]" ) {
+    std::string oneValue[] = { "hello" };
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(oneValue) == "{ \"hello\" }" );
+    std::string twoValues[] = { "hello", "world" };
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(twoValues) == "{ \"hello\", \"world\" }" );
+}
+
+TEST_CASE( "char [N] -> toString", "[toString][c-string]" ) {
+    // Do not consider char[] as containers but rather as c-string
+    char emptyCString[] = "";
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(emptyCString) == "\"\"" );
+    char cstring[] = "hello";
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(cstring) == "\"hello\"" );
+}
+
+// array
+TEST_CASE( "array<int, N> -> toString", "[toString][containers][array]" ) {
+    std::array<int, 0> empty;
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(empty) == "{  }" );
+    std::array<int, 1> oneValue = { 42 };
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(oneValue) == "{ 42 }" );
+    std::array<int, 2> twoValues = { 42, 250 };
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(twoValues) == "{ 42, 250 }" );
+}
+
+TEST_CASE( "array<string, N> -> toString", "[toString][containers][array]" ) {
+    std::array<std::string, 0> empty;
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(empty) == "{  }" );
+    std::array<std::string, 1> oneValue = { "hello" };
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(oneValue) == "{ \"hello\" }" );
+    std::array<std::string, 2> twoValues = { "hello", "world" };
+    REQUIRE( Catch::toString(twoValues) == "{ \"hello\", \"world\" }" );
+}
+
+/// \brief Specialization for `forward_list` to use
+//         `push_front` instead of the unsupported `push_back`.
+template <template <class T> class Allocator>
+struct SequenceTest<std::forward_list, Allocator> {
+    static void integers() {
+        std::forward_list<int, Allocator<int> > integers;
+        REQUIRE( Catch::toString(integers) == "{  }" );
+        integers.push_front( 42 );
+        REQUIRE( Catch::toString(integers) == "{ 42 }" );
+        integers.push_front( 250 );
+        REQUIRE( Catch::toString(integers) == "{ 250, 42 }" );
+    };
+
+    static void strings() {
+        std::forward_list<std::string, Allocator<std::string> > strings;
+        REQUIRE( Catch::toString(strings) == "{  }" );
+        strings.push_front( "hello" );
+        REQUIRE( Catch::toString(strings) == "{ \"hello\" }" );
+        strings.push_front( "world" );
+        REQUIRE( Catch::toString(strings) == "{ \"world\", \"hello\" }" );
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_CASE( "forward_list<int> -> toString", "[toString][containers][forward_list]" ) {
+    SequenceTest<std::forward_list>::integers();
+}
+TEST_CASE( "forward_list<string> -> toString", "[toString][containers][forward_list]" ) {
+    SequenceTest<std::forward_list>::strings();
+}
+
+TEST_CASE( "forward_list<int,allocator> -> toString", "[toString][containers][forward_list][allocator]" ) {
+    SequenceTest<std::forward_list, MinimalAllocator>::integers();
+}
+TEST_CASE( "forward_list<string,allocator> -> toString", "[toString][containers][forward_list][allocator]" ) {
+    SequenceTest<std::forward_list, MinimalAllocator>::strings();
+}
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER