diff --git a/src/catch2/catch_list.cpp b/src/catch2/catch_list.cpp
index 91f58187..aac06572 100644
--- a/src/catch2/catch_list.cpp
+++ b/src/catch2/catch_list.cpp
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ namespace Catch {
     namespace {
 
         void listTests(IStreamingReporter& reporter, Config const& config) {
-            TestSpec testSpec = config.testSpec();
+            auto const& testSpec = config.testSpec();
             auto matchedTestCases = filterTests(getAllTestCasesSorted(config), testSpec, config);
             reporter.listTests(matchedTestCases, config);
         }
 
         void listTags(IStreamingReporter& reporter, Config const& config) {
-            TestSpec testSpec = config.testSpec();
+            auto const& testSpec = config.testSpec();
             std::vector<TestCaseHandle> matchedTestCases = filterTests(getAllTestCasesSorted(config), testSpec, config);
 
             std::map<StringRef, TagInfo> tagCounts;
diff --git a/src/catch2/catch_test_spec.h b/src/catch2/catch_test_spec.h
index e47e8ea3..d18ec521 100644
--- a/src/catch2/catch_test_spec.h
+++ b/src/catch2/catch_test_spec.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ namespace Catch {
     struct IConfig;
 
     class TestSpec {
+
         class Pattern {
         public:
             explicit Pattern( std::string const& name );
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@ namespace Catch {
         private:
             std::string const m_name;
         };
-        using PatternPtr = std::shared_ptr<Pattern>;
 
         class NamePattern : public Pattern {
         public:
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ namespace Catch {
         };
 
         struct Filter {
-            std::vector<PatternPtr> m_required;
-            std::vector<PatternPtr> m_forbidden;
+            std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Pattern>> m_required;
+            std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Pattern>> m_forbidden;
 
             bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const;
             std::string name() const;
diff --git a/src/catch2/catch_test_spec_parser.cpp b/src/catch2/catch_test_spec_parser.cpp
index 0f37b35c..5c3df3b6 100644
--- a/src/catch2/catch_test_spec_parser.cpp
+++ b/src/catch2/catch_test_spec_parser.cpp
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ namespace Catch {
         m_substring.reserve(m_arg.size());
         m_patternName.reserve(m_arg.size());
         m_realPatternPos = 0;
-        
+
         for( m_pos = 0; m_pos < m_arg.size(); ++m_pos )
           //if visitChar fails
-           if( !visitChar( m_arg[m_pos] ) ){ 
+           if( !visitChar( m_arg[m_pos] ) ){
                m_testSpec.m_invalidArgs.push_back(arg);
                break;
            }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace Catch {
     }
     TestSpec TestSpecParser::testSpec() {
         addFilter();
-        return m_testSpec;
+        return std::move(m_testSpec);
     }
     bool TestSpecParser::visitChar( char c ) {
         if( (m_mode != EscapedName) && (c == '\\') ) {
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ namespace Catch {
 
     void TestSpecParser::addFilter() {
         if( !m_currentFilter.m_required.empty() || !m_currentFilter.m_forbidden.empty() ) {
-            m_testSpec.m_filters.push_back( m_currentFilter );
+            m_testSpec.m_filters.push_back( std::move(m_currentFilter) );
             m_currentFilter = TestSpec::Filter();
         }
     }
@@ -156,12 +156,12 @@ namespace Catch {
     void TestSpecParser::saveLastMode() {
       lastMode = m_mode;
     }
-    
+
     void TestSpecParser::revertBackToLastMode() {
       m_mode = lastMode;
     }
-    
-    bool TestSpecParser::separate() {  
+
+    bool TestSpecParser::separate() {
       if( (m_mode==QuotedName) || (m_mode==Tag) ){
          //invalid argument, signal failure to previous scope.
          m_mode = None;
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ namespace Catch {
       addFilter();
       return true; //success
     }
-    
+
     TestSpec parseTestSpec( std::string const& arg ) {
         return TestSpecParser( ITagAliasRegistry::get() ).parse( arg ).testSpec();
     }
diff --git a/src/catch2/catch_test_spec_parser.h b/src/catch2/catch_test_spec_parser.h
index 42e030d5..5b20c508 100644
--- a/src/catch2/catch_test_spec_parser.h
+++ b/src/catch2/catch_test_spec_parser.h
@@ -65,11 +65,10 @@ namespace Catch {
                 token = token.substr( 8 );
             }
             if( !token.empty() ) {
-                TestSpec::PatternPtr pattern = std::make_shared<T>( token, m_substring );
                 if (m_exclusion) {
-                    m_currentFilter.m_forbidden.push_back(pattern);
+                    m_currentFilter.m_forbidden.emplace_back(std::make_unique<T>(token, m_substring));
                 } else {
-                    m_currentFilter.m_required.push_back(pattern);
+                    m_currentFilter.m_required.emplace_back(std::make_unique<T>(token, m_substring));
                 }
             }
             m_substring.clear();