From f7e7fa0983e83b922cb6336ff3a55d33b2873943 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Duncan Horn <40036384+dunhor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Sep 2025 04:31:49 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Fix ReusableStringStream to access the container under the
 lock (#3031)

Commit 582200a made `ReusableStringStream`'s index reservation thread safe, however it's still accessing the `m_streams` vector outside the lock. This makes it so that the `add` call returns the pointer in addition to the index so that the lock doesn't need to get acquired again until destruction.

The issue with accessing `m_streams` outside the lock is that `add` can call `push_back` on the vector, which might re-allocate. If this re-allocation occurs concurrently with anther thread trying to index into this array, you get UB (typically a null pointer read).
---
 .../internal/catch_reusable_string_stream.cpp     | 15 ++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/catch2/internal/catch_reusable_string_stream.cpp b/src/catch2/internal/catch_reusable_string_stream.cpp
index a2dd5a63..875da4da 100644
--- a/src/catch2/internal/catch_reusable_string_stream.cpp
+++ b/src/catch2/internal/catch_reusable_string_stream.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <tuple>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace Catch {
@@ -23,16 +24,16 @@ namespace Catch {
         std::ostringstream m_referenceStream; // Used for copy state/ flags from
         Detail::Mutex m_mutex;
 
-        auto add() -> std::size_t {
+        auto add() -> std::pair<std::size_t, std::ostringstream*> {
             Detail::LockGuard _( m_mutex );
             if( m_unused.empty() ) {
                 m_streams.push_back( Detail::make_unique<std::ostringstream>() );
-                return m_streams.size()-1;
+                return { m_streams.size()-1, m_streams.back().get() };
             }
             else {
                 auto index = m_unused.back();
                 m_unused.pop_back();
-                return index;
+                return { index, m_streams[index].get() };
             }
         }
 
@@ -46,10 +47,10 @@ namespace Catch {
         }
     };
 
-    ReusableStringStream::ReusableStringStream()
-    :   m_index( Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().add() ),
-        m_oss( Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().m_streams[m_index].get() )
-    {}
+    ReusableStringStream::ReusableStringStream() {
+        std::tie( m_index, m_oss ) =
+            Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().add();
+    }
 
     ReusableStringStream::~ReusableStringStream() {
         static_cast<std::ostringstream*>( m_oss )->str("");