Bad handling of `TestFailureException` when translating unexpected
exceptions inside assertion macros led to the unexpected exceptions
handling erroring out through throwing the same exception again.
This was then backstopped by the machinery for handling uncaught
exceptions from assertions, which is normally used by the
`CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE` machinery, where we assume that it can
only be invoked because the assertion macros are not configured to
catch assertions.
Closes#1292
d547cae549